Sve što niste znali o vitaminu C

Sve što niste znali o vitaminu C Objavljeno: 19. 04. 2017 - 2:06

Vitamin C (askorbinska kiselina) je esencijalni u vodi topljiv mikronutrijent.
Samo čovjek, primati, zamorci i jedna vrsta šišmiša nemaju sposobnost stvaranja vitamina C u tijelu. Iz tog je razloga neophodno da vitamin C unosimo kroz hranu i dodatke prehrani (1).
Potrebe za vitaminom C povećavaju se za vrijeme bolesti i sa povišenjem oksidativnog stresa.
Zbog topljivosti u vodi i širokm rasponu vrsta slobodnih radikala kisika koje može očistiti vitamin C je u našoj krvi najučinkovitiji antioksidans.(2, 3).

ZAŠTO JE OBLIK VITAMINA C IZNIMNO BITAN?

Velik dio naše organske kemije temelji se na topljivosti u vodi i masnoćama. Nutrijenti topivi u vodi otežano prolaze kroz stanične membrane što dovodi do manje stope njihove iskoristivosti unutar same stanice. Vitamin C je vitamin topljiv u vodi i njegova interakcija sa staničnom stijenkom koja se sastoji od masnih kiselina nije osobito učinkovita. Studija "Liposomal-encapsulated Ascorbic Acid: Influence on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury"PMID: 27375360 je uspoređivala apsorpciju  standardnog, liposomalnog i intravenoznog vitamina C.

Placebo, Liposomalni = Encapsulated, standardni =un encapsulated, Intravenozni=intravenous

Liposomi su submikroskopske čestice u obliku mjehurića sa dvostrukom membranom sastavljenom od fosfolipida. Zbog sličnosti s biološkim membranama i njihove sposobnosti da uđu unutar stanica, koriste se kao nosači za ljekovite supstance i vitamine. Veličina od 200 nm i struktura od esencijalnih fosfolipida slična strukturi staničnih membrana omogućava da liposomi transportiraju vitamin C, potpuno nepromijenjen, kroz  probavni, limfni i krvožilni sustav izravno do stanica. Liposomalni vitamin C apsorbira se u tankom crijevu iz kojeg liposomi prolaze u krvotok transportirajući vitamin C do stanica. Kad liposom stigne do stanične stijenke, njegova ovojnica od fosfolipida i fosfolipidi stanične stijenke spajaju se i vitamin C ulazi izravno u stanicu.

Tijekom zadnjih nekoliko godina, liposomalni vitamin C sve više zauzima mjesto najboljeg oblika uzimanja vitamina C jer omogućuje njegovu bolju iskoristivosti i apsorpciju u tijelu.

 

1. Imunitet i energija

  • Doprinosi normalnoj funkciji imunološkog sustava.
  • Doprinosi održavanju normalne funkcije imunološkog sustava za vrijeme i nakon intenzivne tjelesne aktivnosti (Napomena: Da biste koristili ovu specifičnu tvrdnju, morate obavijestiti potrošača da se koristan učinak postiže dnevnim unosom od 200 mg uz preporučeni dnevni unos vitamina C).
  • Doprinosi normalnom metabolizmu stvaranja energije.
  • Doprinosi smanjenju umora i iscrpljenosti.

2. Formiranje kolagena (Podrška tkivima, zglobovima i koži)

  • Vitamin C doprinosi normalnom stvaranju kolagena za normalnu funkciju:
  • krvnih žila
  • kostiju
  • hrskavice
  • desni
  • kože
  • zubi

3. Zaštita stanica i živčani sustav

  • Doprinosi zaštiti stanica od oksidativnog stresa (odlična, zakonski dopuštena zamjena za izraze poput "antioksidans" ili "štiti od slobodnih radikala").
  • Doprinosi normalnom funkcioniranju živčanog sustava.
  • Doprinosi normalnoj psihološkoj funkciji.

4. Apsorpcija nutrijenata

  • Vitamin C povećava apsorpciju željeza.
  • Doprinosi regeneraciji redukcijskog oblika vitamina E.

  1. Vitamin C in the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. Garcia-Diaz DF1, Lopez-Legarrea P, Quintero P, Martinez JA.  PMID:25866299

  2. A critical review of Vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Fiona E Harrison. PMCID: PMC3727637

  3. Effect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Mohammed S Ellulu,1 Asmah Rahmat,1 Ismail Patimah,2 Huzwah Khaza’ai,2 and Yehia Abed3. PMCID: PMC4492638

  4. Does Vitamin C Deficiency Affect Cognitive Development and Function? Stine Normann Hansen, Pernille Tveden-Nyborg, and Jens Lykkesfeldt. PMCID: PMC4179190

  5. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Bourre JM1. PMID:17066209

  6. High-dose ascorbic acid increases intercourse frequency and improves mood: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Brody S1. PMID:12208645

  7. Vitamin C as an adjuvant for treating major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior, a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ali Sahraian, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, [corresponding author]  and Fereshteh Kazemeini. PMCID: PMC4376513

  8. Efficacy of vitamin C as an adjunct to fluoxetine therapy in pediatric major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mostafa Amr,1 Ahmed El-Mogy,1 Tarek Shams,4 Karen Vieira,2 and Shaheen E Lakhan [corresponding author] 2,3. PMCID: PMC3599706

  9. Effects of Oral Vitamin C Supplementation on Anxiety in Students: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.De Oliveira IJ, de Souza VV, Motta V, Da-Silva SL. PMID:26353411

  10. Efficacy of supplementary vitamins C and E on anxiety, depression and stress in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mazloom Z1, Ekramzadeh M1, Hejazi N1. PMID:24511708

  11. Vitamin C as an adjuvant for treating major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior, a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ali Sahraian, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, [corresponding author]  and Fereshteh Kazemeini. PMCID: PMC4376513

  12. Poor vitamin C status is associated with increased depression symptoms following acute illness in older people.Gariballa S1. PMID:25835231

  13. Vitamin C Supplementation Slightly Improves Physical Activity Levels and Reduces Cold Incidence in Men with Marginal Vitamin C Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Carol S. Johnston,1,* Gillean M. Barkyoumb,2 and Sara S. Schumacher3. PMCID: PMC4113757

  14. Intravenous Vitamin C administration reduces fatigue in office workers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Sang-Yeon Suh,1,2 Woo Kyung Bae,3 Hong-Yup Ahn,4 Sung-Eun Choi,5 Gyou-Chul Jung,6 and Chang Hwan Yeom [corresponding author] 7. PMCID: PMC3273429

  15. Vitamin C revisited. Heleen M Oudemans-van Straaten, [corresponding author]  Angelique ME Spoelstra-de Man, andMonique C de Waard. PMCID: PMC4423646

  16. Inflammation in the Vascular Bed Importance of Vitamin C. Rene Aguirre and James M. May*. PMCID: PMC2538426

  17. Metabolomic alterations in human cancer cells by vitamin C-induced oxidative stress. Megumi Uetaki,1,2 Sho Tabata,a,1,2 Fumie Nakasuka,1,3 Tomoyoshi Soga,1,2,3and Masaru Tomita1,2,3. PMCID: PMC4563566

  18. Ascorbic acid and total vitamin C concentrations in plasma, gastric juice, and gastrointestinal mucosa: effects of gastritis and oral supplementation. A J Waring, I M Drake, C J Schorah, K L White, D A Lynch, A T Axon, and M F Dixon.PMCID: PMC1383018

  19. Vitamin C intake and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of Swedish women. H R Harris,1,2,* L Bergkvist,3 and A Wolk1. PMCID: PMC3708583

  20. Vitamin C status and mortality in US adults1,2. Catherine M Loria, Michael J Klag, Laura E Caulfield, and Paul K Whelton. Am J Clin Nutr July 2000 
    vol. 72 no. 1 139-145

  21. The Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C on Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life. Anitra C. Carr,1,* Margreet C. M. Vissers,1 and John S. Cook2. PMCID: PMC4199254

  22. Ascorbic-acid Treatment for Progressive Bone Metastases After Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study. Kiziltan HS, Bayir AG, Demirtas M, Meral I, Taspinar O, Eris AH, Aydin T, Mayadagli A. PMID:25362213

  23. The effect of vitamin C on bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms caused by exercise: a review and statistical analysis. Harri Hemilä PMCID: PMC4363347

  24. Vitamin C may affect lung infections. Harri Hemilä and Pekka Louhiala PMCID: PMC2099400

  25. The effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing and relieving the symptoms of virus-induced respiratory infections. Gorton HC, Jarvis K.                       PMID:10543583

  26. Vitamin C supplementation and respiratory infections: a systematic review. Hemilä H1. PMID:15605943

  27. Vitamin C and acute respiratory infections. Hemilä H1, Douglas RM. PMID:10488881

  28. Effects of high dose vitamin C treatment on Helicobacter pylori infection and total vitamin C concentration in gastric juice. Jarosz M1, Dzieniszewski J, Dabrowska-Ufniarz E, Wartanowicz M, Ziemlanski S, Reed PI. PMID: 9926292

  29. Effects of vitamin C on health: a review of evidence. Grosso G1, Bei R, Mistretta A, Marventano S, Calabrese G, Masuelli L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Galvano F, Gazzolo D. PMID  23747864

  30. Plasma vitamin C concentrations in patients with cystic fibrosis: evidence of associations with lung inflammation. Winklhofer-Roob BM1, Ellemunter H, Frühwirth M, Schlegel-Haueter SE, Khoschsorur G, van't Hof MA, Shmerling DH. PMID : 9174484

  31. Vitamin C in the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. Garcia-Diaz DF1, Lopez-Legarrea P, Quintero P, Martinez JA. PMC4492638

  32. Effect of high-dose intravenous vitamin C on inflammation in cancer patients. Nina Mikirova, Joseph Casciari,Andrea Rogers, and Paul Taylor PMC3480897

  33. Histamine and ascorbic acid in human blood. Clemetson CA. PMID: 7365537

  34. Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid decreases serum histamine concentrations in patients with allergic and non-allergic diseases. Hagel AF1, Layritz CM, Hagel WH, Hagel HJ, Hagel E, Dauth W, Kressel J, Regnet T, Rosenberg A, Neurath MF, Molderings GJ, Raithel M. PMID: 23666445

  35. Gastrointestinal effects of the addition of ascorbic acid to aspirin. Patel V1, Fisher M, Voelker M, Gessner U. PMID: 22151399

  36. Vitamin C, resveratrol and lipoic acid actions on isolated rat liver mitochondria: all antioxidants but different. Valdecantos MP1, Pérez-Matute P, Quintero P, Martínez JA. PMID: 21062536

  37. Vitamin C enters mitochondria via facilitative glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and confers mitochondrial protection against oxidative injury. KC S1, Cárcamo JM, Golde DW. PMID: 16195374

  38. Low vitamin C values are linked with decreased physical performance and increased oxidative stress: reversal by vitamin C supplementation. Paschalis V1,2, Theodorou AA2, Kyparos A3, Dipla K3, Zafeiridis A3, Panayiotou G2, Vrabas IS3, Nikolaidis MG4.  PMID: 25526969

  39. Effect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation after 30-min exercise at 75% VO2max. Nakhostin-Roohi B1, Babaei P, Rahmani-Nia F, Bohlooli S. PMID: 18427418 

  40. Effect of vitamin C supplements on physical performance. Braakhuis AJ1. PMID: 22777327

  41. Inflammation in the Vascular Bed Importance of Vitamin C. Rene Aguirre and James M. May* PMC2538426​ 

  42. High Vitamin C Intake Is Associated with Lower 4-Year Bone Loss in Elderly Men1,2. Shivani Sahni,3 Marian T. Hannan,5 David Gagnon,6 Jeffrey Blumberg,4 L. Adrienne Cupples,6 Douglas P. Kiel,5 and Katherine L. Tucker3,* PMC2752366​ 

  43. Vitamin C and Bone Health: Evidence from Cell, Animal and Human Studies.. Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S1. PMID: 26343111​ 

  44. Osteoporosis, vitamin C intake, and physical activity in Korean adults aged 50 years and over. Min Hee Kim1 and Hae-Jeung Lee2,* PMC4842429  

  45. Gene expression profiling reveals new protective roles for vitamin C in human skin cells. Duarte TL1, Cooke MS, Jones GD. PMID:18973801

  46. Vitamin C intervention may lower the levels of persistent organic pollutants in blood of healthy women - A pilot study. Guo W1, Huen K2, Park JS3, Petreas M3, Crispo Smith S4, Block G2, Holland N2. PMID: 27090108

  47. The effect of adjuvant vitamin C after varicocele surgery on sperm quality and quantity in infertile men: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Ali Cyrus, 1 Ali Kabir, 2 Davood Goodarzi, 1 and Mehrdad Moghimi 3 PMCID: PMC4752084 

  48. The effect of maternal and cord-blood vitamin C, vitamin E and lipid peroxide levels on newborn birth weight. Jain SK1, Wise R, Yanamandra K, Dhanireddy R, Bocchini JA Jr. PMID: 18049868

  49. The Fetal Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Intervene? Noelle Ma 1 , 2 , 3 and Daniel B. Hardy  PMCID: PMC3457612

  50. Vitamin C requirement in surgical patients. Fukushima R1, Yamazaki E. PMID: 20689415

  51. Serum Antioxidants Are Associated with Serum Reproductive Hormones and Ovulation among Healthy Women. Mumford SL1, Browne RW2, Schliep KC3, Schmelzer J4, Plowden TC5, Michels KA3, Sjaarda LA3, Zarek SM5, Perkins NJ3, Messer LC6, Radin RG3, Wactawski-Wende J7, Schisterman EF3 PMID:  26581679












     

     

Poveznice:
liposomalni vitamin c vitamin c
PODIJELITE OVO
Prethodni
  CHios Mastika za zdravlje probavnog...
Sljedeći
Sunfiber  
  O proizvodima - Sve